Both substances are key stimulatory components of the sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic nervous system), hence their pharmacological classification as sympathomimetic agents. In both substances, the amine (nitrogen-containing) group is attached to a catechol group (a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups)-a structure unique to the catecholamines. Epinephrine is closely related in structure to norepinephrine, differing only in the presence of a methyl group on the nitrogen side chain.

Epinephrine typically is released during acute stress, and its stimulatory effects fortify and prepare an individual for either “fight or flight” ( see fight-or-flight response). SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Įpinephrine, also called adrenaline, hormone that is secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glands and that functions primarily to increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.

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The inner part of the adrenal gland